As Yemenis start planning the reconstruction and rebuilding of their country after recent turmoil they face huge challenges in every major sphere. This book discusses the political and economic background and analyses the most important issues: the option of improved governance through a federal government; addressing the powerful and patronage networks of the previous regime; investing in Yemen’s human and natural resources to compensate for falling revenues from oil and gas; maintaining rural life through reduced dependence on irrigated agriculture and investing in enhancing rain fed agriculture; addressing the issue of urban water shortage through desalination; and involving women in enhancing security. This volume is based on a workshop held at the 5th Gulf Research Meeting organized by the Gulf Research Center Cambridge in summer 2014.